This Review focuses on whether the emerging industry of deep-seabed mining aligns with
the sustainable development agenda. We cover motivations for deep-seabed mining …

The deep sea (> 200 m depth) encompasses> 95% of the world's ocean volume and
represents the largest and least explored biome on Earth (< 0.0001% of ocean surface), yet …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

Does humanity's future lie in the ocean? As demand for resources continues to grow and
land-based sources decline, expectations for the ocean as an engine of human …

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining's likely impacts is
necessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations …

Climate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing
acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food …

Marine species are moving rapidly in response to warming, often in different directions and
with variations dependent on location and depth. Given the current impetus to increase the …

The distributions of migratory species in the ocean span local, national and international
jurisdictions. Across these ecologically interconnected regions, migratory marine species …

Ecological risk assessment for deep-sea mining is challenging, given the data-poor state of
knowledge of deep-sea ecosystem structure, process, and vulnerability. Polling and a scale …

Interest in extracting mineral resources from the seafloor through deep‐sea mining has
accelerated in the past decade, driven by consumer demand for various metals like zinc …