Broad review of “White Etching Crack” failure in wind turbine gearbox bearings: Main factors and experimental investigations

FJ López-Uruñuela, B Fernández-Díaz… - International Journal of …, 2021 - Elsevier
Subsurface crack networks surrounded by microstructural alterations, named as “White
Etching Cracks”(WEC), lead to wind turbine gearbox bearing (WTGB) premature failures …

A review of fatigue failure and structural design of main bearings in tunnel boring machines based on engineering practical examples

J Zheng, S Hu, J Ji, X Zhang, VC Tong, S Yin… - Engineering Failure …, 2024 - Elsevier
A large-scale tunnel boring machine (TBM) is currently the most advanced equipment for
underground tunnel excavation. The main bearing, carrying all the load and moment from …

The evolution of white etching cracks (WECs) in rolling contact fatigue-tested 100Cr6 steel

AD Richardson, MH Evans, L Wang, RJK Wood… - Tribology Letters, 2018 - Springer
The formation of white etching cracks (WECs) in steel rolling element bearings can lead to
the premature rolling contact fatigue (RCF) failure mode called white structure flaking …

Moving cracks form white etching areas during rolling contact fatigue in bearings

L Morsdorf, D Mayweg, Y Li, A Diederichs… - Materials Science and …, 2020 - Elsevier
White etching cracks (WECs) and the associated white etching areas (WEAs) are
responsible for failure of widely spread engineering applications such as bearings and …

The effect of electrical current on premature failures and microstructural degradation in bearing steel

B Gould, N Demas, R Erck, MC Lorenzo-Martin… - International Journal of …, 2021 - Elsevier
Premature failures associated with microstructural degradation, ie white etching cracks
(WECS), are becoming commonplace as applications are requiring tribological components …

The role of carbon in the white etching crack phenomenon in bearing steels

D Mayweg, L Morsdorf, X Wu, M Herbig - Acta Materialia, 2021 - Elsevier
Since white etching crack (WEC) phenomena primarily occur in high carbon steels, we
elucidate the role of carbon in this failure mechanism in bearings. The nano-crystalline …

The effect of lubricant composition on white etching crack failures

B Gould, NG Demas, G Pollard, JJ Rydel, M Ingram… - Tribology letters, 2019 - Springer
White etching cracks (WECs) are the dominant mode of failure for wind turbine gearbox
bearings. These failures are characterized by subsurface initiation and local region of …

Initiation of sub-surface micro-cracks and white etching areas from debonding at non-metallic inclusions in wind turbine gearbox bearing

HA Al-Tameemi, H Long, RS Dwyer-Joyce - Wear, 2018 - Elsevier
In this study, a failed planetary bearing from a wind turbine gearbox was destructively
examined to investigate the initiation of micro-cracks and butterflies at non-metallic …

Effect of lubricants on bearing damage in rolling-sliding conditions: Evolution of white etching cracks

M Paladugu, DR Lucas, RS Hyde - Wear, 2018 - Elsevier
To understand the role of lubricants in generating white etching cracks (WECs), cylindrical
roller thrust bearings were life-tested in different oils in rolling-sliding conditions. The …

Correlation between grain size and carbon content in white etching areas in bearings

D Mayweg, L Morsdorf, Y Li, M Herbig - Acta Materialia, 2021 - Elsevier
Premature failure of bearings during rolling contact fatigue is often associated with the
formation of white etching cracks (WECs). Crack surface rubbing of WECs transforms the …