Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted considerable attention in heterogeneous
catalysis because of their well‐defined active sites, maximum atomic utilization efficiency …

Hydrogen energy-based electrochemical energy conversion technologies offer the promise
of enabling a transition of the global energy landscape from fossil fuels to renewable energy …

Hydrogen energy is an important cornerstone for realizing net-zero and sustainable
development plans. The successful construction of a hydrogen society requires …

Non-precious iron-based catalysts (Fe–NCs) require high active site density to meet the
performance targets as cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Site …

The rapid progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline
exchange membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) has boosted the hydrogen economy concept via …

Metal-air batteries (MABs) and fuel cells (FCs) critically rely on electrocatalytic O 2 activation,
and O 2 reduction reaction (ORR), with noble metal-free materials. However, the inception of …

Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are promising precursors to transition into metal-
nitrogen-carbon (MNC) catalysts with high catalytic performance. Pyrolysis is one of the most …

Replacing scarce and expensive platinum (Pt) with metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C)
catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells has …

AEMFC is becoming a prominent technology in portable energy sources. In an attempt to
make it economical, non-platinum catalysts are necessary to recruit in the application …

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells, including acidic proton exchange membrane fuel cells
(PEMFCs) and alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), are the types of the …