Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with varied morphological appearances,
molecular features, behavior, and response to therapy. Current routine clinical management …

Histologic grading has been a simple and inexpensive method to assess tumor behavior
and prognosis of invasive breast cancer grading, thereby identifying patients at risk for …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in diverse roles in breast cancer
development and progression. While many of the different MMPs expressed in breast cancer …

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical event in the progression toward
cancer metastasis. The intermediate filament protein vimentin is an important marker of EMT …

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are aggressive with no effective targeted therapies. A
combined database analysis identified 32 inflammation-related genes differentially …

Metastases can originate from disseminated tumour cells (DTCs), which may be dormant for
years before reactivation. Here we find that the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F1 is …

Endocrine therapies for breast cancer that target the estrogen receptor (ER) are ineffective in
the 25%–30% of cases that are ER negative (ER–). Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in …

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is associated with poor prognosis in human cancer. However,
in certain animal tumor models elevated CIN negatively impacts upon organism fitness, and …

Molecular classification of cancers into subtypes has resulted in an advance in our
understanding of tumour biology and treatment response across multiple tumour types …

Abstract Background Single sample predictors (SSPs) and Subtype classification models
(SCMs) are gene expression–based classifiers used to identify the four primary molecular …