Intense ultrashort light pulses comprising merely a few wave cycles became routinely
available by the turn of the millennium. The technologies underlying their production and …

This paper has been prepared by the Symphony collaboration (University of Warsaw,
Uniwersytet Jagielloński, DESY/CNR and ICFO) on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of …

The rise time of intense radiation determines the maximum field strength atoms can be
exposed to before their polarizability dramatically drops due to the detachment of an outer …

Experimental advances with laser intensities above 1 TW/cm 2, with pulse durations
between roughly 50 and 5 fs, have led to the discovery of new atomic effects that include …

Ionization is the dominant response of atoms and molecules to intense laser fields and is at
the basis of several important techniques, such as the generation of attosecond pulses that …

As compared to the intuitive process that the electron emits straight to the continuum from its
parent ion, there is an alternative route that the electron may transfer to and be trapped by a …

Molecular structure is usually determined by measuring the diffraction pattern the molecule
impresses on x-rays or electrons. We used a laser field to extract electrons from the …

The theoretical description and the experimental methods and results for above-threshold
ionization (ATI) by few-cycle pulses are reviewed. A pulse is referred to as a few-cycle pulse …

In the tunneling regime of strong laser field ionization we measure a substantial fraction of
neutral atoms surviving the laser pulse in excited states. The measured excited neutral atom …

Recent advances in laser technology have pushed the frontier of maximum intensity
achieved to about 1022W/cm2 and investigators currently believe even higher intensities …