Biological sex is an important modifier of physiology and influences pathobiology in many
diseases. While heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide in both men and …

Executive summary Women interact with cancer in complex ways, as healthy individuals
participating in cancer prevention and screening activities, as individuals living with and …

Background Systemic progress in improving trial representation is uncertain, and previous
analyses of minority trial participation have been limited to small cohorts with limited …

Importance Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been calls for COVID-19
clinical trials to be fully representative of all demographic groups. However, limited evidence …

This article examines the consequences and causes of low enrollment of Black patients in
clinical trials. We develop a simple model of similarity-based extrapolation that predicts that …

Women's health has been critically underserved by a failure to look beyond women's sexual
and reproductive systems to adequately consider their broader health needs. In almost …

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a global call for sex/gender-
disaggregated data to be made available, which has uncovered important findings about …

Importance Older age may be accompanied by changes in the pharmacokinetics or
pharmacodynamics or both of medications that can result in altered safety and efficacy …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for women in multiple countries including
the United States. Women are exposed to unique risk factors that remain largely …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally for men and women.
Premenopausal women have a lower incidence of hypertension and other cardiovascular …