Bacteria have developed a large array of motility mechanisms to exploit available resources
and environments. These mechanisms can be broadly classified into swimming in aqueous …

The surfaces of many bacteria are decorated with long, exquisitely thin appendages called
type IV pili (T4P), dynamic filaments that are rapidly polymerized and depolymerized from a …

Motility often plays a decisive role in the survival of species. Five systems of motility have
been studied in depth: those propelled by bacterial flagella, eukaryotic actin polymerization …

The family Geobacteraceae, with its only valid genus Geobacter, comprises
deltaproteobacteria ubiquitous in soil, sediments, and subsurface environments where metal …

Bacteria and archaea rely on appendages called type IV pili (T4P) to participate in diverse
behaviors including surface sensing, biofilm formation, virulence, protein secretion and …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a multi‐protein complex used by many bacteria to
move substrates across their cell membrane. Substrates released into the environment …

Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) may prevail in microbial communities that show
methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation and can be an electron source to …

The bacterial tight adherence pilus system (TadPS) assembles surface pili essential for
adhesion and colonisation in many human pathogens. Pilus dynamics are powered by the …

Echoing the repeated convergent evolution of flight and vision in large eukaryotes,
propulsive swimming motility has evolved independently in microbes in each of the three …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) delivers toxins and a range of hydrolytic enzymes,
including proteases, lipases, and carbohydrate-active enzymes, to the cell surface or …