The digestive system is innervated through its connections with the central nervous system
(CNS) and by the enteric nervous system (ENS) within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract …

Although the gastrointestinal (GI) tract possesses intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a
significant degree of autonomy over GI functions, the central nervous system (CNS) provides …

Abstract Background The probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 normalizes anxiety‐
like behavior and hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice with …

There is growing recognition that gastrointestinal dysfunction is common in Parkinson's
disease (PD). Virtually all parts of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected, in some cases …

Eating and drinking generate sequential mechanosensory signals along the digestive tract.
These signals are communicated to the brain for the timely initiation and regulation of …

Alterations of gastrointestinal (GI) motor function are part of the visceral responses to stress.
Inhibition of gastric emptying and stimulation of colonic motor function are the commonly …

The central nervous system interacts dynamically with the immune system to modulate
inflammation through humoral and neural pathways. Recently, in animal models of sepsis …

The gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates is a heterogeneous organ system innervated to
varying degrees by a local enteric neural network as well as extrinsic parasympathetic and …

Ejaculation is a reflex mediated by a spinal control center, referred to as a spinal ejaculation
generator. This spinal ejaculation generator coordinates sympathetic, parasympathetic and …

The characterization of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and, more recently, the discovery
of additional CRF‐related ligands, urocortin 1, urocortin 2 and urocortin 3, the cloning of two …