BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety disorders are together responsible for 8% of years
lived with disability globally. Contrary to widely held preconceptions, these are not diseases …

Delay discounting describes the devaluation of a reinforcer as a function of the delay until its
receipt. Although all people discount delayed reinforcers, one consistent finding is that …

Humans are capable of imagining future rewards and the contexts in which they may be
obtained. Functionally, intertemporal choices between smaller but immediate and larger but …

Several previous discounting studies have use the R 2 measure to identify data sets with
poor fits to a mathematical discounting model as nonsystematic data to be eliminated before …

Excessively devaluing delayed reinforcers co‐occurs with a wide variety of clinical
conditions such as drug dependence, obesity, and excessive gambling. If excessive delay …

Approach-avoidance conflict is an important psychological concept that has been used
extensively to better understand cognition and emotion. This review focuses on neural …

Objective In this paper, we examine the relationship between episodic foresight and anxiety
from an evolutionary perspective, proposing that together they confer an advantage for …

The number of studies on the neuropsychology of childhood disorders has increased
exponentially over the past decade. We report the results of an initial meta-analysis of key …

Although the focus of research for decades, there is a surprising lack of consensus on what
is (and what is not) self-control. We review some of the most prominent theoretical models of …

Healthy participants (n= 79), ages 9–23, completed a delay discounting task assessing the
extent to which the value of a monetary reward declines as the delay to its receipt increases …