Gradients in industrial bioreactors have attracted substantial research attention since
exposure to fluctuating environmental conditions has been shown to lead to changes in the …

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are entities found in the prokaryotic genomes, with eight
reported types. Type II, the best characterized, is comprised of two genes organized as an …

With reaction timescales equal to or shorter than the circulation time, the ideal mixing
assumption typically does not hold for large scale bioreactors. As a consequence large …

Building on the recent revolution in molecular biology, enabling a wealth of bio-product
innovations made from renewable feedstocks, the biotechnology field is in a transition phase …

In nature and in technical systems, microbial cells are often exposed to rapidly fluctuating
environmental conditions. These conditions can vary in quality, eg, the existence of a …

Eukaryotic metabolism is organised in complex networks of enzyme catalysed reactions
which are distributed over different organelles. To quantify the compartmentalised reactions …

Microbial cell factories face changing environments during industrial fermentations. Kinetic
metabolic models enable the simulation of the dynamic metabolic response to these …

Highlights•Kinetic metabolic modeling could enable rational bioengineering and dynamic
understanding of metabolism.•We discuss experimental and computational approaches to …

In recent years, process intensification (PI) has been coined as a gamechanging concept
within the chemical engineering field. 1 Innovative processing equipment, techniques and …

Background Microbial metabolism is highly dependent on the environmental conditions.
Especially, the substrate concentration, as well as oxygen availability, determine the …