Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused
by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and …

In the gastro-intestinal tract, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have protective effects on
epithelial cells. However, their effects on inflammatory cytokine production by endothelial …

Atherosclerosis, a chronic multifactorial disease, is closely related to the development of
cardiovascular diseases and is one of the predominant causes of death worldwide. Normal …

Plasma free fatty acids levels are increased in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes,
playing detrimental roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular …

Complex structural and functional changes occur in the arterial system with advancing age.
The aged artery is characterized by changes in micro RNA expression patterns, autophagy …

Obesity symbolizes a major public health problem. Overweight and obesity are associated to
the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome and to adipose tissue dysfunction. The adipose …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive vascular disease. It starts early in life, has a long
asymptomatic phase, and a progression accelerated by various cardiovascular risk factors …

Endothelial cells line the inner portion of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; a
basal membrane of extracellular matrix lines the extraluminal side of endothelial cells. The …

The vascular endothelium is a layer of cells lining the inner surface of vessels, serving as a
barrier that mediates microenvironment homeostasis. Deterioration of either the structure or …

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who are critically ill develop vascular
complications characterized by thrombosis of small, medium, and large vessels. Dysfunction …