Environmental risk factors that have an impact on the ocular surface were reviewed and
associations with age and sex, race/ethnicity, geographical area, seasonality, prevalence …

Background Clinical efficacy of pollen allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been broadly
documented in randomized controlled trials. The underlying clinical endpoints are analysed …

Air pollution and climate change are potential drivers for the increasing burden of allergic
diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which air pollutants and climate parameters may …

Several unmet needs have been identified in allergic rhinitis: identification of the time of
onset of the pollen season, optimal control of rhinitis and comorbidities, patient stratification …

According to WHO, by 2050, at least one person out of two will suffer from an allergy
disorder resulting from the accelerating air pollution associated with toxic gas emissions and …

Background Studies have demonstrated an adverse role of outdoor allergens on respiratory
symptoms. It is unknown whether this effect is independent or synergistic of outdoor air …

Background Ambient pollen exposure causes nasal, ocular, and pulmonary symptoms in
allergic individuals, but the shape of the exposure–response association is not well …

Background Several studies have assessed effects of short-term exposure to pollen on
allergic and asthmatic manifestations. The evidence is inconclusive, and no meta-analysis …

Pollinosis and allergic asthma are respiratory diseases of global relevance, heavily affecting
the quality of life of allergic subjects. Since there is not a decisive cure yet, pollen allergic …

Pollen is a well-established trigger of asthma and allergic rhinitis, yet concentration-
response relationships, lagged effects, and interactions with other environmental factors …