Throughout the life span of a host, bifidobacteria have shown superior colonization and
glycan abilities. Complex glycans, such as human milk oligosaccharides and plant glycans …

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex, multi-functional glycans present in
human breast milk. They represent an intricate mix of heterogeneous structures which reach …

Manipulation of the gut microbiome using live biotherapeutic products shows promise for
clinical applications but remains challenging to achieve. Here, we induced dysbiosis in 56 …

Akkermansia muciniphila is a potential candidate for ulcerative colitis prevention.
Considering that it utilizes 2′-fucosyllactose (2′ FL) for growth, 2′ FL can be used to …

Clarification is required when the term “carbohydrate” is used interchangeably with
“saccharide” and “glycan.” Carbohydrate classification based on human digestive enzyme …

The early-life gut microbiome development has long-term health impacts and can be
influenced by factors such as infant diet. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), an essential …

As a natural prebiotic in human milk, 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) is actively used in infant
formula (IF). However, the 2′-FL influence on the improvement of gut microbiota and the …

This review examines the complex connection between commensal microbiota and the
development of opportunistic infections. Several underlying conditions, such as metabolic …

Observational evidence suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) promote the
growth of commensal bacteria in early life and adulthood. However, the mechanisms by …

Highlights•Microbiota-directed fiber with a discrete structure is proposed as targeted
prebiotics.•The prebiotics paradigm shifts to target next-generation probiotics and …