Vulnerable periods during the development of the nervous system are sensitive to
environmental insults because they are dependent on the temporal and regional emergence …

Retinoic acid (RA) is essential for both embryonic and adult growth, activating gene
transcription via specific nuclear receptors. It is generated, via a retinaldehyde intermediate …

Objective. Moderate to heavy levels of prenatal alcohol exposure have been associated with
alterations in child behavior, but limited data are available on adverse effects after low levels …

This thoroughly revised and updated reference addresses the drugs and chemicals causing
malformations and congenital anomalies in the human fetus-comprehensively reviewing …

BACKGROUND: Although both fetal and long-term growth restriction are well documented in
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, effects on pattern of growth trajectory have not been …

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and select
common phthalates with infant neurobehavior measured at 5weeks. METHODS: We …

ContextBecause of methodological limitations, the results of the few prospective studies
assessing long-term cognitive effects of prenatal cocaine exposure are inconsistent …

In terms of prenatal alcohol-induced alterations in neurobehavioral outcomes such as
attention, activity level, and information-processing speed, a threshold of alcohol …

Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated to different physical, behavioral, cognitive, and
neurological impairments collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. The …

Fine and gross motor performance in 4-year-old children was examined in relation to
prenatal exposure to alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, and aspirin in a longitudinal prospective …