The global surge in demand for metals such as cobalt and nickel has created
unprecedented interest in deep-sea habitats with mineral resources. The largest area of …

The deep ocean comprises complex ecosystems made up of numerous community and
habitat types that provide multiple services that benefit humans. As the industrialization of …

Abyssal seafloor communities cover more than 60% of Earth's surface. Despite their great
size, abyssal plains extend across modest environmental gradients compared to other …

Brisingida Fisher 1928 is one of the seven currently recognised starfish orders, and one of
the least known taxa as being exclusive deep-sea inhabitants. Modern deep-sea …

The observation of singleton or rare species in the deep sea is extremely valuable for
gaining a census of biodiversity. At hadal depths (> 6000 m), these records provide a more …

Interest in deep seafloor mineral exploitation has been develo** over the last few
decades, and especially recently as the potential application of metals and elements in …

Exploration in environments that are too hazardous or inaccessible to humans is one of the
most promising uses of robotics. In particular, natural environments that contain granular …

 Abstract The methane seeps on the Pacific margin of Costa Rica support extensive animal
diversity and offer insights into deep-sea biogeography. During five expeditions between …

 Abstract Deep-sea holothurian specimens were collected during five scientific expeditions
(2018–2023) using the submersible vehicle 'Shenhaiyongshi'. Our examination of …

Introduction The Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean holds the
largest deposits of polymetallic nodules at abyssal depths. These nodules are rock …