The underlying mechanisms of wound healing are complex but inflammation is one of the
determining factors. Besides its traditional role in combating against infection upon injury …

Impaired wound healing is one of the unsolved problems of modern medicine, affecting
patients' quality of life and causing serious economic losses. Impaired wound healing can …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a major therapeutic agent that is licensed in neurological
indications, such as dystonia and spasticity. The BoNT family, which is produced in nature …

Painful scars can develop after surgery or trauma, with symptoms ranging from a minor itch
to intractable allodynia. The problem of the painful scar may involve both intraneural and …

BotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) is now widely established for the main approved indication of
reducing glabellar lines, and is also widely used off-label to improve the appearance of …

Background Scars exposed on the body surface lead to a large psychological burden on
patients. However, no satisfactory scar treatments exist. Botulinum toxin type A is a …

Background Pathological scars mainly include hyperplastic scars and keloids, and there is
no uniform treatment standard for the treatment of pathological scar in clinic now. Drug …

Background Botulinum toxin type A-induced “chemoimmobilization” has long been utilized
for improved scar quality and wound healing; however, current evidence is limited to small …

Thyroidectomy scars, located on the exposed site, can cause distress in patients. Owing to
the cosmetic importance of thyroidectomy scars, many studies have been conducted on its …

Background Patients often experience scar-related pruritus, which adversely affects quality
of life. Triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) is widely used to treat pathologic scars, and …