Influenza and other respiratory viral infections are the most common type of acute respiratory
infection. Viral infections predispose patients to secondary bacterial infections, which often …

Asplenia (the congenital or acquired absence of the spleen) and hyposplenism (defective
spleen function) are common causes of morbidity and mortality. The spleen is a secondary …

We present evidence for multiple independent origins of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 viruses
sampled from late 2020 and early 2021 in the United Kingdom. Their genomes carry single …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an infectious pathogen responsible for millions of deaths
worldwide. Diseases caused by this bacterium are classified as pneumococcal diseases …

In most environments, microorganisms evolve in a sessile mode of growth, designated as
biofilm, which is characterized by cells embedded in a self‐produced extracellular matrix …

Abstract In 2003 the World Health Organization (WHO) convened a working group and
published a set of standard methods for studies measuring nasopharyngeal carriage of …

Much of the mortality attributed to influenza virus is due to secondary bacterial pneumonia,
particularly from Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, mechanisms underlying this …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a common colonizer of the human
nasopharynx. Despite a low rate of invasive disease, the high prevalence of colonization …

Pneumococcal infection of the respiratory tract is often secondary to recent influenza virus
infection and accounts for much of the morbidity and mortality during seasonal and …

Background Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of childhood
morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low income countries where pneumococcal …