Global movement patterns of migratory birds illustrate their fascinating physical and
physiological abilities to cross continents and oceans. During their voyages, most birds land …

Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen
species and the antioxidants defences, in favour of the former. In recent years, the …

Night-migratory songbirds are remarkably proficient navigators. Flying alone and often over
great distances, they use various directional cues including, crucially, a light-dependent …

Oxidative stress is a normal phenomenon in the body. Under normal conditions, the
physiologically important intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are …

Plastic waste and debris have caused substantial environmental pollution globally in the
past decades, and they have been accumulated in hundreds of terrestrial and aquatic avian …

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis specifies that closely related species or
populations experiencing different ecological conditions should differ in a suite of metabolic …

Oxidative stress may be of profound biological relevance. In this Commentary, I discuss
some key issues faced by the emerging field of oxidative stress ecology, and seek to provide …

1. Why Do We Measure Stress? 2. Quantifying Stress 3. Specific Measures of Fish Stress
3.1. Cellular and Molecular Indicators 3.2. Primary and Secondary Physiological Indicators …

Mitochondria are widely recognized as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in animal
cells, where it is assumed that over-production of ROS leads to an overwhelmed antioxidant …

Prolonged high secretion of glucocorticoids normally reflects a state of chronic stress, which
has been associated with an increase in disease susceptibility and reduction in Darwinian …