X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the epigenetic mechanism that ensures X-linked dosage
compensation between cells of females (XX karyotype) and males (XY). XCI is essential for …

Gene regulation requires the dynamic coordination of hundreds of regulatory factors at
precise genomic and RNA targets. Although many regulatory factors have specific affinity for …

Access to DNA is a prerequisite to the execution of essential cellular processes that include
transcription, replication, chromosomal segregation, and DNA repair. How the proteins that …

This comprehensive Review delves into the chemical principles governing RNA-mediated
crowding events, commonly referred to as granules or biological condensates. We explore …

Gene activation by mammalian transcription factors (TFs) requires multivalent interactions of
their low-complexity domains (LCDs), but how such interactions regulate transcription …

Cells contain numerous substructures that have been proposed to form via liquid–liquid
phase separation (LLPS). It is currently debated how to reliably distinguish LLPS from other …

Highlights•Microenvironments are local high concentrations of multiple nuclear factors.•
Microenvironments form due to protein–protein and protein–chromatin interactions.•Local …

How molecules interact governs how they move. Single-molecule tracking (SMT) thus
provides a unique window into the dynamic interactions of biomolecules within live cells …

In female eutherian mammals, dosage compensation of X-linked gene expression is
achieved during development through transcriptional silencing of one of the two X …

Highlights•XIST first mediates dampening, then silencing of X-linked genes in human
development•Complete gene silencing on the inactive X requires chromatin …