Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of fundamental importance to the diagnosis
and treatment of epilepsy, particularly when surgery is being considered. Despite previous …

Malformations of cortical development are a group of rare disorders commonly manifesting
with developmental delay, cerebral palsy or seizures. The neurological outcome is …

Ongoing challenges in diagnosing focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) mandate continuous
research and consensus agreement to improve disease definition and classification. An …

The goal of this paper is to provide updated diagnostic criteria for the epilepsy syndromes
that have a variable age of onset, based on expert consensus of the International League …

Background Detailed neuropathological information on the structural brain lesions
underlying seizures is valuable for understanding drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Methods We …

Genetic malformations of cortical development (MCDs), such as mild MCDs (mMCD), focal
cortical dysplasia (FCD), and hemimegalencephaly (HME), are major causes of severe …

Cortical malformations such as focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) are associated with
pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy that necessitates neurosurgery. FCDII results from somatic …

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has proven to be a useful imaging approach for both clinical diagnosis
and research investigating the microstructures of nervous tissues, and it has helped us to …

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and hemimegalencephaly (HME) are epileptogenic
neurodevelopmental malformations caused by mutations in mTOR pathway genes. Deep …

Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most frequent histopathology encountered in patients with
drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Over the past decades, various attempts have …