The relative insufficiency of insulin secretion and/or insulin action causes diabetes.
However, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus can be associated with an absolute increase …

The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing that generates two IR isoforms,
IR-A and IR-B. The physiological roles of IR isoforms are incompletely understood and …

Objective This study is to investigate the role of gut dysbiosis in triggering inflammation in
the brain and its contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Design We …

Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition which refers to individuals whose cells and tissues
become insensitive to the peptide hormone, insulin. Over the recent years, a wealth of data …

Insulin resistance is common in individuals with obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D), in which
circulating insulin levels are frequently increased. Recent epidemiological and clinical …

In mammals, the insulin receptor (IR) gene has acquired an additional exon, exon 11. This
exon may be skipped in a developmental and tissue-specific manner. The IR, therefore …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder predisposing to diabetic
cardiomyopathy and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), which could lead to …

Our previous work demonstrated that berberine (BBR) increases insulin receptor (InsR)
expression and improves glucose utility both in vitro and in animal models. Here, we study …

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is fundamental for growth and survival. A large body
of evidence (laboratory, epidemiological, and clinical) implicates the exploitation of this …

There is evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, that receptor tyrosine kinases play a key role in
the formation and progression of human cancer. In particular, the insulin-like growth factor …