Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may leave long-lasting neurobiological scars,
increasing the risk of develo** mental disorders in later life. However, no review has …

Stress is an important risk factor for modern chronic diseases, with distinct influences in
males and females. The sex specificity of the mammalian stress response contributes to the …

Stress-related psychiatric disorders including depression involve complex cellular and
molecular changes in the brain, and GABAergic signaling dysfunction is increasingly …

Newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus are regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic
cues. It is well accepted that elevated glucocorticoid levels lead to downregulation of adult …

Sex differences, driven in part by steroid hormones, shape the structure and function of the
brain throughout the lifespan and manifest across brain health and disease. The influence of …

Stress is a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, with the
capacity to impact susceptibility to disease as well as long-term neurobiological and …

Childhood maltreatment increases the likelihood of develo** anxiety disorders in humans.
Early life adversity (ELA) paradigms in rodents produce lasting increases in avoidant and …

Contrary to intuition, most individuals are resilient to psychological trauma and only a
minority is vulnerable. Men and women are known to respond differently to trauma …

Background Early life stress (ELS) is associated with the development of schizophrenia later
in life. The hippocampus develops significantly during childhood and is extremely reactive to …

Adverse experiences early in life are associated with the development of psychiatric
illnesses. The hippocampus is likely to play pivotal role in generating these effects: it …