The cardiac autonomic nervous system consists of 2 branches—the sympathetic and the
parasympathetic systems—that work in a delicately tuned, yet opposing fashion in the heart …

In a normal human life span, the heart beats about 2–3 billion times. Under diseased
conditions, a heart may lose its normal rhythm and degenerate suddenly into much faster …

Recognition of facial expressions is critical to our appreciation of the social and physical
environment, with separate emotions having distinct facial expressions. Perception of fearful …

The extreme sensitivity to initial conditions that chaotic systems display makes them
unstable and unpredictable. Yet that same sensitivity also makes them highly susceptible to …

Diminished heart rate variability is associated with high sympathetic tone and an increased
mortality rate in heart failure cases. We constructed Poincaré plots of each sinus RR interval …

Cardiac alternans arises from dynamical instabilities in the electrical and calcium cycling
systems of the heart, and often precedes ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death …

Nonlinear time series methods have developed rapidly over a quarter of a century and have
reached an advanced state of maturity during the last decade. Implementations of these …

Highly correlated brain dynamics produces synchronized states with no behavioral value,
while weakly correlated dynamics prevents information flow. We discuss the idea put …

In this paper, data dimensionality estimation methods are reviewed. The estimation of the
dimensionality of a data set is a classical problem of pattern recognition. There are some …

In an effort to account for a large number of reported functions mediated by a small portion of
the midbrain, a hypothesis is advanced as a basis for discussion and not as established fact …