Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFFs) constitute the most diverse continental vertebrate fauna
on Earth, with more than 6,200 named species compressed into an aquatic footprint< 0.5 …

We review geological evidence on the origin of the modern transcontinental Amazon River,
and the paleogeographic history of riverine connections among the principal sedimentary …

Evolutionary innovations are scattered throughout the tree of life, and have allowed the
organisms that possess them to occupy novel adaptive zones. While the impacts of these …

Modularity is a ubiquitous feature of organismal design that plays an important role in
structuring patterns of morphological diversification. Modularity can facilitate evolutionary …

Bonytongues (Osteoglossomorpha) constitute an ancient clade of teleost fishes distributed
in freshwater habitats throughout the world. The group includes well-known species such as …

The placental skull has evolved into myriad forms, from longirostrine whales to globular
primates, and with a diverse array of appendages from antlers to tusks. This disparity has …

The arrangement and morphology of the vertebrate skull reflect functional and ecological
demands, making it a highly adaptable structure. However, the fundamental developmental …

Body shape is a fundamental metric of animal diversity affecting critical behavioral and
ecological dynamics and conservation status, yet previously available methods capture only …

Evolutionary biology has long striven to understand why some lineages diversify
exceptionally while others do not. Most studies have focused on how extrinsic factors can …

Studies on the diversity, taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of Neotropical Fishes
have thrived over the twenty years that have elapsed since the first symposium on their …