Clinical research on the beneficial effects induced by slow-paced breathing has been
increasingly extended in the past twenty years. Improvements in cardiovascular functioning …

Areas distributed throughout the neuraxis, including the anterior insula, anterior cingulate
cortex (ACC), amygdala, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray matter, parabrachial nucleus …

Emotional stress has been recognized as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular
diseases. The impact of stress on physiological and psychological processes is determined …

Repeated exposure to social stress can precipitate the development of psychosocial
disorders including depression and comorbid cardiovascular disease. While a major …

In humans, there are large individual differences in the levels of vagal modulation of resting
heart rate (HR). High levels are a recognized index of cardiac health, whereas low levels are …

Angiotensin-II acts at its type-1 receptor (AT1R) in the brain to regulate body fluid
homeostasis, sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. However, the role of the angiotensin …

The existence of a close relationship between psychosocial factors and cardiovascular
morbidity is not just a hypothesis anymore. Research on humans has been attempting to …

Short-term and long-term blood pressure (BP) regulation and its maintenance at levels
adequate to perfuse tissue organs involve an integrated action of multiple neural …

Maintenance of homeostasis in normal or stressful situations depends upon mechanisms
controlling autonomic activity. Central requirement for changes in sympathetic output …

Chronic or repeated social stress exposure often precipitates the onset of depression and
cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite a clear clinical association between CVD and …