Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable)
protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to …

Biophotonics as a highly interdisciplinary frontier often requires the assistance of optical
agents to control the light pathways in cells, tissues and living organisms for specific …

Polymer–drug conjugates have long been a mainstay of the drug delivery field, with several
conjugates successfully translated into clinical practice. The conjugation of therapeutic …

Photodynamic therapy is arising as a noninvasive treatment modality for cancer and other
diseases. One of the key factors to determine the therapeutic function is the efficiency of …

The complexity, diversity, and heterogeneity of tumors seriously undermine the therapeutic
potential of treatment. Therefore, the current trend in clinical research has gradually shifted …

Cancer has become the second leading reason for death in the world. Still, cancer therapy
development is exceptionally challenging because the tumor microenvironment is very …

Cancer cells exhibit slightly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with
normal cells, and approximately 90% of intracellular ROS is produced in mitochondria. In …

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and inflammation accompanied by ischemic injury symptoms and blood–brain barrier …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by sepsis is a serious disease which mitochondrial
oxidative stress and inflammatory play a key role in its pathophysiology. Ceria nanoparticles …

Evading persistent drug resistance in cancer and bacteria is quintessential to restore health
in humans, and impels intervention strategies. A distinct property of the cancer phenotype is …