Large-sized bone defects are a great challenge in clinics and considerably impair the quality
of patients' daily life. Tissue engineering strategies using cells, scaffolds, and bioactive …

Osteoporosis is caused by the disruption in homeostasis between bone formation and bone
resorption. Conventional management of osteoporosis involves systematic drug …

The excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, inflammation, and weak tissue
regeneration ability after annulus fibrosus (AF) injury constitute an unfavorable …

Oral defects lead to a series of function disorders, severely threatening the patients' health.
Although injectable hydrogels are widely studied in tissue regeneration, their mechanical …

The repair of large segmental bone defects remains a big challenge due to limited self-
healing capacity of bone. Digging into the structure and composition of natural long bone let …

Nanocomposite hydrogels consist of polymeric network embedded with functional
nanoparticles or nanostructures, which not only contribute to the enhanced mechanical …

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous growth factor carrier that promotes bone tissue
regeneration, but its effectiveness is restrained by poor storage capabilities, uncontrollable …

When bone injury occurs, immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, and T
lymphocytes are recruited and participate in immunomodulatory and bone dynamics …

Musculoskeletal injuries including bone defects continue to present a significant challenge
in orthopedic surgery due to suboptimal healing. Bone reconstruction strategies focused on …

Drug synergy has made significant strides in clinical applications in recent decades.
However, achieving a platform that enables “single administration, multi-stage release” by …