RNA can fold back on itself to adopt a wide range of structures. These range from relatively
simple hairpins to intricate 3D folds and can be accompanied by regulatory interactions with …

The biological implications of R-loops are increasingly receiving attention in plant biology.
Compared with recent progresses in humans, the studies of R-loops in plants are lagging …

Maintenance of genome integrity is an essential process in all organisms. Mechanisms
avoiding the formation of DNA lesions or mutations are well described in animals because of …

Proper timing of flowering, a phase transition from vegetative to reproductive development,
is crucial for plant fitness. The floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is the major …

Regulating gene expression in plant development and environmental responses is vital for
mitigating the effects of climate change on crop growth and productivity. The eukaryotic …

COLD is a major naturally occurring stress that usually causes complex symptoms and
severe yield loss in crops. R‐loops function in various cellular processes, including …

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is essential for various DNA-templated processes in both
eukaryotes and prokaryotes. However, comprehensive characterizations of ssDNA still lag in …

First believed to be a simple intermediary between the information encoded in
deoxyribonucleic acid and that functionally displayed in proteins, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is …

Although the temporary presence of ribonucleotides in DNA is normal, their persistence
represents a form of DNA damage. Here, we assess such damage and damage defense to …