Biodiversity, a term now widely employed in science, policy, and wider society, has a
burgeoning associated literature. We synthesize aspects of this literature, focusing on …

This Review focuses on whether the emerging industry of deep-seabed mining aligns with
the sustainable development agenda. We cover motivations for deep-seabed mining …

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining's likely impacts is
necessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations …

While carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) has garnered many headlines in the recent
past, its wider applicability on an industrial scale is yet to be explored due to a plethora of …

The industrialization of the deep sea is expanding worldwide. Increasing oil and gas
exploration activities in the absence of sufficient baseline data in deep-sea ecosystems has …

The deep ocean below 200 m water depth is the least observed, but largest habitat on our
planet by volume and area. Over 150 years of exploration has revealed that this dynamic …

With increasing demand for mineral resources, extraction of polymetallic sulphides at
hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at seamounts, and polymetallic …

Careful definition and illustrative case studies are fundamental work in develo** a Blue
Economy. As blue research expands with the world increasingly understanding its …

Commercial-scale mining for polymetallic nodules could have a major impact on the deep-
sea environment, but the effects of these mining activities on deep-sea ecosystems are very …

Increasing interest in deep-seabed mining has raised many questions surrounding its
potential environmental impacts and how to assess the impacts' significance. Under the …