The ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA-DA) mesolimbic circuit processes emotional,
motivational, and social reward associations together with their more demanding cognitive …

Bruce McEwen's discovery of receptors for corticosterone in the rat hippocampus introduced
higher brain circuits in the neuroendocrinology of stress. Subsequently, these receptors …

A proper response against stressors is critical for survival. In mammals, the stress response
is primarily mediated by secretion of glucocorticoids via the hypothalamic–pituitary …

Brain cells are continuously exposed to corticosteroid hormones, although the levels vary
(eg, after stress). Corticosteroids alter neural activity via two receptor types …

Environmental stimuli that signal real or potential threats to homeostasis lead to
glucocorticoid secretion by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis …

In normal life, organisms are repeatedly exposed to brief periods of stress, most of which can
be controlled and adequately dealt with. The presently available data indicate that such brief …

Emotionally important events are well remembered. Although memories of emotional
experiences are known to be mediated and modulated by stress hormones such as …

Memory allows organisms to predict future events based on prior experiences. This requires
encoded information to persist once important predictors are extracted, while also being …

Stress is among the most frequently self‐reported precipitants of seizures in patients with
epilepsy. This review considers how important stress mediators like corticotropin‐releasing …

In 1968, Bruce McEwen discovered that 3 H-corticosterone administered to
adrenalectomised rats is retained in neurons of hippocampus rather than those of …