The pulmonary route has long been used for drug administration for both local and systemic
treatment. It possesses several advantages, which can be categorized into physiological, ie …

The number of therapeutic monoclonal antibody in development has increased
tremendously over the last several years and this trend continues. At present there are more …

ABSTRACT Polysorbates 20 and 80 (Tween® 20 and Tween® 80) are used in the
formulation of biotherapeutic products for both preventing surface adsorption and as …

In recent decades, protein-based therapeutics have substantially expanded the field of
molecular pharmacology due to their outstanding potential for the treatment of disease …

With the rapidly growing popularity and sophistication of inhalation therapy, there is an
increasing demand for tailor-made inhalable drug particles capable of affording the most …

Spray-drying is an inherently continuous and well-established industrial drying process. It
can accelerate manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals and vaccine products, resulting in both …

Heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies is common due to the various modifications
introduced over the lifespan of the molecules from the point of synthesis to the point of …

Drying is a commonly used technique for improving the product stability of biotherapeutics.
Typically, drying is accomplished through freeze-drying, as evidenced by the availability of …

Purpose. To develop a new technique, spray freeze drying, for preparing protein aerosol
powders. Also, to compare the spray freeze-dried powders with spray-dried powders in …

Liquid formulations of vaccines are subject to instabilities that result from degradation
processes that proceed via a variety of physical and chemical pathways. In dried …