It has long been recognized that presence–absence, localisation, size, number and shape of
fish scales can be important taxonomic features. Although there are some notes on the …

The complex architecture of fish scale has been investigated for several decades to show an
existing link between scale morphology/microstructure and systematic/evolutionary …

The study of morphological characteristics and growth information in fish scales is a crucial
component of modern fishery biological research, while it has been less studied in fossil …

Fish skin is mainly composed of the epidermis, dermis, and its derivative scales. There is a
wide diversity in scale number in fishes, but the diversity of skin structure lacks systematic …

The scales and skin mucus of bony fishes are both proposed to have a role in beneficially
modifying the hydrodynamics of water flow over the body surface. However, it has been …

The optical light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques have proven to
play a key and noteworthy role in the advancement of morphological studies in general, and …

Fish scales are bony plates embedded in the skin that vary extensively in shape across taxa.
Despite a plethora of hypotheses regarding form–function relationships in scales, we know …

Extreme environmental conditions have profound impacts on sha** the evolutionary
trajectory of organisms. Cave-dwelling fishes, known as subterranean fishes, are notable …

The Andes, with its diverse topography and climate, is a renowned cradle for adaptive
radiation, particularly for vertebrate ectotherms such as lizards. Yet, the role of temperature …

The investigation of secondary sexual dimorphism is a significant and exciting research
topic since it has to do with sexual selection, which is connected to selecting a mate and …