Despite extensive empirical research and previous reviews, no clear patterns regarding the
effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on predator–prey interactions have emerged. We …

The predictability of the physical arrangement of plants, at whatever scale it is viewed, is
referred to as a spatial pattern. Spatial pattern is a crucial aspect of vegetation that has …

Climate change alters phenological relations between interacting species. We might expect
the historical baseline, or starting-point, for such effects to be precise synchrony between the …

Multiple‐predator limitation of prey populations may be mediated by both predator–predator
interactions and vegetation structure. Antagonistic interactions among predators, such as …

The use of model caterpillars to assess relative rates of predation has risen in popularity in
recent years. Among the various benefits of the technique is its capacity to provide …

The relative importance of bottom‐up or top‐down forces has been mainly studied for
herbivores but rarely for pollinators. Habitat fragmentation might change driving forces of …

The long-term history of Zeiraphera diniana Gn.(the larch budmoth, LBM) outbreaks was
reconstructed from tree rings of host subalpine larch in the European Alps. This record was …

Książka Davida Forda ma powierzchowność klasycznej cegły, jakby sam jej wygląd miał
zniechęcić potencjalnego czytelnika. Przyznaję, że do lektury tego dzieła miałem …

The dazzling variation in plant chemistry is a primary mediator of trophic interactions,
including herbivory, predation, parasitism, and disease. At the same time, such interactions …

1. The effects of temperature on the Oak–Winter Moth–Tit food chain were studied at
Wytham Wood, Oxford, and experimentally in the controlled environment solardomes at the …