Soft robots have been extensively researched due to their flexible, deformable, and adaptive
characteristics. However, compared to rigid robots, soft robots have issues in modeling …

Robotic artificial muscles are a subset of artificial muscles that are capable of producing
biologically inspired motions useful for robot systems, ie, large power-to-weight ratios …

Soft robotic manipulators are continuum robots made of soft materials and flexible
components. The goal of soft robotic manipulators research is to enable these manipulators …

Stimuli responsive materials have attracted a great deal of attention during the last few
decades and are expected to lead to great advances in the areas of nano-and bio …

A paradigm shift has emerged over the last decade pointing to an exciting research area
dealing with the harnessing of elastic structural instabilities for'smart'purposes in a variety of …

Soft actuators can be classified into five categories: tendon-driven actuators, electroactive
polymers, shape-memory materials, soft fluidic actuators (SFAs), and hybrid actuators. The …

Living organisms composed of composite materials with complex structures support
autonomous and intelligent behaviors, such as motility, perception and response to changes …

Electromechanical coupling in electroactive polymers (EAPs) has been widely applied for
actuation and is also being increasingly investigated for sensing chemical and mechanical …

In this paper, biomimetic underwater robots built using smart actuators, eg, a shape memory
alloy (SMA), an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), or a …

Bionic amphibious robots are receiving attention and significant interest from the civil and
military sectors since they can move on land and swim underwater. When develo** a …