We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …

The escalating global population and subsequent societal demands have contributed to a
notable upsurge in production activities, resulting in unprecedented anthropogenic …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

The term Anthropocene initially emerged from the Earth System science community in the
early 2000s, denoting a concept that the Holocene Epoch has terminated as a consequence …

The Piacenzian stage of the Pliocene (2.6 to 3.6 Ma) is the most recent past interval of
sustained global warmth with mean global temperatures markedly higher (by~ 2–3 C) than …

The geological record encodes the relationship between climate and atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) over long and short timescales, as well as potential drivers of evolutionary …

Piecing together the history of carbon (C) perturbation events throughout Earth's history has
provided key insights into how the Earth system responds to abrupt warming. Previous …

The Tibetan Plateau exerts a major influence on Asian climate, but its long-term
environmental history remains largely unknown. We present a detailed record of vegetation …

Current atmospheric CO2 concentration is known to be higher than it has been during the
past∼ 800 ky of Earth history, based on direct measurement of CO2 within ice cores. A …

Abstract The Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT), where the Pleistocene glacial cycles
changed from 41 to∼ 100 kyr periodicity, is one of the most intriguing unsolved issues in the …