The life-cycle assessment method, which originates from general products and services, has
gradually come to be applied to investigations of the life-cycle carbon emissions (LCCE) of …

This review summarizes and organizes the literature on life cycle assessment (LCA), life
cycle energy analysis (LCEA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) studies carried out for …

Approximately half of the annual global energy supply is consumed in constructing,
operating, and maintaining buildings. Because most of this energy comes from fossil fuels, it …

Climate change mitigation is a recurrent consciousness topic among society and
policymakers. Actions are being adopted to face this crucial environmental challenge, with a …

The building industry uses great quantities of raw materials that also involve high energy
consumption. Choosing materials with high content in embodied energy entails an initial …

Huge material stocks are embedded in the residential built environment. These materials
have the potential to be a source of secondary materials, an important consideration for the …

Buildings demand energy in their life cycle right from its construction to demolition. Studies
on the total energy use during the life cycle are desirable to identify phases of largest energy …

Earth construction has received in the last decade an increased attention by the scientific
community illustrated by a tenfold increase of the published research articles when …

The use of excavated earth is a circular and carbon neutral solution gaining growing
interest. However, its high variability in properties makes it difficult to master as raw materials …

In the Portuguese context, the life cycle assessment of building materials is still in its infancy.
So far, there is only a small number of Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) …