Macrofungi are vital components of any forest ecosystem, performing different roles crucial
to ecosystem functioning. Macrofungi play effective roles in ecosystem processes such as …

Concerns regarding the ecological and health risks posed by synthetic insecticides have
instigated the exploration of alternative methods for controlling insects, such as …

Simple Summary Essential oils (EOs) are promising tools for controlling Varroa destructor
mites. The extreme volatility that characterizes these compounds makes it possible to …

Several pyrethroids (such as flumethrin and fluvalinate) with low toxicity to honey bees and
comparable high toxicity to mites are used worldwide as acaricides. However, flumethrin has …

Pesticide use in crops is a severe problem in some countries. Each country has its
legislation for use, but they differ in the degree of tolerance for these broadly toxic products …

Varroatosis, caused by the Varroa destructor mite, is currently the most dangerous parasitic
disease threatening the survival of honey bees worldwide. Its adverse effect on the welfare …

Chitinase-producing fungi have now engrossed attention as one of the potential agents for
the control of insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi are used in different regions of the world …

The majority of honeybee farms in industrialized countries currently base their Varroa
destructor control programs on the use of acaricides in conjunction with other management …

Injudicious and indiscriminate use of toxic chemicals in tea deteriorates the plant, soil, and
environment and escalates maximum residue limits (MRLs) in the end products. This …

The most important pollinator for agricultural crops is the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera).
During the winter and summer seasons, diseases and stresses of various kinds endanger …