Over the past decade, we have seen rapid advances in applying nanotechnology in
biomedical areas including bioimaging, biodetection, and drug delivery. As an emerging …

BACKGROUND Hydrogels are formed through the cross-linking of hydrophilic polymer
chains within an aqueous microenvironment. The gelation can be achieved through a …

Biocatalytic transformations in cells, such as enzyme cascades, involve complex networks
proceeding in spatially confined microenvironments. Here, inspired by nature, we …

DNA has become one of the most extensively used molecular building blocks for
engineering self-assembling materials. DNA origami is a technique that uses hundreds of …

The predictable nature of DNA interactions enables the programmable assembly of highly
advanced 2D and 3D DNA structures of nanoscale dimensions. The access to ever larger …

Many intrinsically disordered proteins self-assemble into liquid droplets that function as
membraneless organelles. Because of their biological importance and ability to colocalize …

Nature endows life with a wide variety of sophisticated, synergistic, and highly functional
protein assemblies. Following Nature's inspiration to assemble protein building blocks into …

Transient physical association between enzymes appears to be a cardinal feature of
metabolic systems, yet the purpose of this metabolic organisation remains enigmatic. It is …

Millions of years of evolution have produced biological systems capable of efficient one-pot
multi-step catalysis. The underlying mechanisms that facilitate these reaction processes are …

The versatility of RNA in sensing and interacting with small molecules, proteins and other
nucleic acids while encoding genetic instructions for protein translation makes it a powerful …