After the success of the Bitcoin blockchain, came several cryptocurrencies and blockchain
solutions in the last decade. Nonetheless, Blockchain-based systems still suffer from low …

This comprehensive review paper examines the challenges faced by blockchain technology
in terms of scalability and proposes potential solutions and future research directions …

The blockchain ecosystem has evolved into a multi-chain world with various blockchains
vying for use. Although each blockchain may have its own native cryptocurrency or digital …

With the continuous development of blockchain technology, many blockchain applications,
such as digital currencies in the form of tokens, are deployed. However, due to the lack of …

Blockchain databases have attracted widespread attention but suffer from poor scalability
due to underlying non-scalable blockchains. While blockchain sharding is necessary for a …

Off-chain protocols are a promising solution to the cryptocurrency scalability dilemma. It
focuses on moving transactions from a blockchain network like Ethereum to another off …

Abstract Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), a cryptographic tool known for decades, have
gained significant attention in recent years due to advancements that have made them …

Blockchain is a revolutionary technology that has reshaped the trust model among mutually
distrustful peers in a distributed network. While blockchain is well-known for its initial usage …

Smart contracts enable users to execute payments depending on complex program logic.
Ethereum is the most notable example of a blockchain that supports smart contracts …

With the rapid development of blockchain, the concept of decentralized applications
(DApps), built upon smart contracts, has attracted much attention in academia and industry …