Importance Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects approximately 20 million
people in the US and 196 million people worldwide. AMD is a leading cause of severe …

Lipofuscin accumulates with age as intracellular fluorescent granules originating from
incomplete lysosomal digestion of phagocytosed and autophagocytosed material. The …

Over the past few decades, the complexity of molecular entities being advanced for
therapeutic purposes has continued to evolve. A main propellent fueling innovation is the …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant cause of blindness globally. With
the exponential rise in the aging population, AMD is the third leading cause of visual …

Sodium iodate (NaIO 3) is a commonly used model for age-related macular degeneration
(AMD), but its rapid and severe induction of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and …

Eye disorders affect a substantial portion of the global population, yet the availability of
efficacious ophthalmic drug products remains limited. This can be partly ascribed to a …

The topical administration of medicines is the preferred route in ocular therapy, at least for
the anterior segment of the eye. However, the eye's inherent functional and biological …

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a frequent cause of vision loss
among the elderly in the Western world. Current disease management with repeated …

Melatonin, a versatile hormone produced by the pineal gland, has garnered considerable
scientific interest due to its diverse functions. In the eye, melatonin regulates a variety of key …

The impact of plastic pollution on living organisms have gained significant research
attention. However, the effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on retina remain unclear. This study …