Mitochondria in aerobic eukaryotic cells are both the site of energy production and the
formation of harmful species, such as radicals and other reactive oxygen species, known as …

In this review article we examine the role of glutathione reductase in the regulation,
modulation and maintenance of cellular redox homoeostasis. Glutathione reductase is …

Traditional annotation of protein-encoding genes relied on assumptions, such as one open
reading frame (ORF) encodes one protein and minimal lengths for translated proteins. With …

BACKGROUND: Glutathione-dependent catalysis is a metabolic adaptation to chemical
challenges encountered by all life forms. In the course of evolution, nature optimized …

The mechanism of initiation of translation differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and
the strategies used for regulation differ accordingly. Translation in prokaryotes is usually …

Significance: Mitochondrial glutathione fulfills crucial roles in a number of processes,
including iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis and peroxide detoxification. Recent Advances …

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, known together as inflammatory bowel diseases
(IBDs), and celiac disease are the most common disorders affecting not only adults but also …

Since their discovery as a substrate for ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the role of
thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) has been largely extended through their regulatory …

Protein structure and function can be altered by reactive oxygen species produced either by
cell metabolism or by external oxidants. Although catalases, superoxide dismutases and …

Significance: Glutathione metabolism is comparable to a jigsaw puzzle with too many
pieces. It is supposed to comprise (i) the reduction of disulfides, hydroperoxides, sulfenic …