A growing body of evidence points towards epigenetic mechanisms being responsible for a
wide range of biological phenomena, from the plasticity of plant growth and development to …

The term virulence has a conflicting history among plant pathologists. Here we define
virulence as the degree of damage caused to a host by parasite infection, assumed to be …

Mutualisms, interactions between two species that benefit both of them, have long captured
the public imagination. Their influence transcends levels of biological organization from cells …

Life history theory seeks to explain the evolution of the major features of life cycles by
analyzing the ecological factors that shape age-specific schedules of growth, reproduction …

Background Several observations support the hypothesis that vector-driven selection plays
an important role in sha** dengue virus (DENV) genetic diversity. Clustering of DENV …

Toxin cargo genes are often horizontally transferred by phages between bacterial species
and are known to play an important role in the evolution of bacterial pathogenesis. Here, we …

Coevolutionary interactions, such as those between host and parasite, predator and prey, or
plant and pollinator, evolve subject to the genes of both interactors. It is clear, for example …

Abiotic and biotic factors can affect host resistance to parasites. Host diet and host gut
microbiomes are two increasingly recognized factors influencing disease resistance. In …

The first section presents the quantitative traits of pathogenicity that are most commonly
measured by plant pathologists, how the expression of those traits is influenced by …

ABSTRACT Two Wolbachia strains, w Mel and w AlbB, have been transinfected into Aedes
aegypti mosquitoes for population replacement with the aim of reducing dengue …