The twenty-first century has witnessed major developments in the field of extracellular
vesicle (EV) research, including significant steps towards defining standard criteria for the …

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been
a few variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one of …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as ectosomes and exosomes have gained attention as
promising natural carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes, which range from 30 to 100 nm in …

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent
bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of …

Metabolic reprogramming is involved in the pathogenesis of not only cancers but also
neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. With the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer delimited membrane structures released by
cells, and play a role in intercell communication and disease development. The Global …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already infected more
than 500 million people globally (as of May 2022), creating the coronavirus disease 2019 …

Posttranslational modifications increase the complexity and functional diversity of proteins in
response to complex external stimuli and internal changes. Among these, protein lipidations …

Nowadays, biomaterials have evolved from the inert supports or functional substitutes to the
bioactive materials able to trigger or promote the regenerative potential of tissues. The …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry diverse bioactive components including nucleic acids,
proteins, lipids and metabolites that play versatile roles in intercellular and interorgan …