Ecological traps, which occur when animals mistakenly prefer habitats where their fitness is
lower than in other available habitats following rapid environmental change, have important …

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and
global temperatures to rise by at least 2° C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Amphidromous fishes are major components of oceanic tropical island stream ecosystems,
such as those of the Caribbean island, Puerto Rico. Fishes with this life history face threats …

Biological communities are shaped by complex interactions between organisms and their
environment as well as interactions with other species. Humans are rapidly changing the …

How coral reefs survive as oases of life in low-productivity oceans has puzzled scientists for
centuries. The answer may lie in internal nutrient cycling and/or input from the pelagic zone …

Connectivity, or the exchange of individuals among marine populations, is a central topic in
marine ecology. For most benthic marine species with complex life cycles, this exchange …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …

Growing interest in spatial ecology is promoting new approaches to the study of seed
dispersal, one of the key processes determining the spatial structure of plant populations …

▪ Abstract Declines and losses of amphibian populations are a global problem with complex
local causes. These may include ultraviolet radiation, predation, habitat modification …