NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels and are crucial for neuronal
communication. NMDARs form tetrameric complexes that consist of several homologous …

Excitotoxicity, the specific type of neurotoxicity mediated by glutamate, may be the missing
link between ischemia and neuronal death, and intervening the mechanistic steps that lead …

Neurodegenerative diseases have two general characteristics that are so fundamental we
usually take them for granted. The first is that the pathology associated with the disease only …

There is a long-standing paradox that NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs)
can both promote neuronal health and kill neurons. Recent studies show that NMDAR …

Autophagy and apoptosis are basic physiologic processes contributing to the maintenance
of cellular homeostasis. Autophagy encompasses pathways that target long-lived cytosolic …

Together with aspartate, glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Glutamate binds and activates both ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic glutamate …

Stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) are risk factors for each other; the
comorbidity of these brain disorders in aging individuals represents a significant challenge …

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are located in neuronal cell membranes at
synaptic and extrasynaptic locations, where they are believed to mediate distinct …

Synaptic loss is the cardinal feature linking neuropathology to cognitive decline in
Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of synaptic damage remains …

NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-induced excitotoxicity is thought to contribute to the cell death
associated with certain neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy, and traumatic brain …