Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

Copper oxide minerals are important copper resources, which include malachite, azurite,
chrysocolla, cuprite, etc. Flotation is the most widely used method for the enrichment of …

Porphyry ores and E-wastes/WEEE are two of the most important copper-bearing materials
on the planet. Over 60% of world copper output comes from porphyry copper ores while E …

Sustainable metal supply requires well-coordinated strategy and policy packages based on
a sound scientific understanding of anticipated long-term demand, supply, and associated …

Metal mining provides the elements required for the provision of energy, communication,
transport and more. The increasing uptake of green technology, such as electric vehicles …

Modern technology relies on an undisrupted supply of metals, yet many metals have limited
geological deposits. Recovering metals from wastewater and brine could augment metal …

A novel methodology is developed to dynamically assess the energy and material
investments required over time to achieve the transition from fossil fuels to renewable …

To a set of well-regarded international scenarios (UNEP's GEO-4), we have added
consideration of the demand, supply, and energy implications related to copper production …

Rare earths are used in the renewable energy technologies such as wind turbines, batteries,
catalysts and electric cars. Current mining, processing and sustainability aspects have been …

Detailed projections of world fossil fuel production including unconventional sources were
created by country and fuel type to estimate possible future fossil fuel production. Four …