Remote sensing has transformed the monitoring of life on Earth by revealing spatial and
temporal dimensions of biological diversity through structural, compositional and functional …

Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes.
However, our current understanding of trait variation disproportionately relies on …

Tropical forests disappear rapidly because of deforestation, yet they have the potential to
regrow naturally on abandoned lands. We analyze how 12 forest attributes recover during …

Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem
services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure …

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological
characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect …

Plant economics run on carbon and nutrients instead of money. Leaf strategies
aboveground span an economic spectrum from “live fast and die young” to “slow and …

Species occurrence records from online databases are an indispensable resource in
ecological, biogeographical and palaeontological research. However, issues with data …

Plant traits determine how individual plants cope with heterogeneous environments. Despite
large variability in individual traits, trait coordination and trade-offs, result in some trait …

Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning and are
thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics and land–climate feedbacks. Still …

Box 9E. 1 Continued FIGURE 2. The C–S–R triangle model (Grime 1979). The strategies at
the three corners are C, competiti-winning species; S, stress-tolerating s-cies; R …