We take for granted the ability to fall asleep or to snap out of sleep into wakefulness, but
these changes in behavioral state require specific switching mechanisms in the brain that …

Alcohol is a potent somnogen and one of the most commonly used “over the counter” sleep
aids. In healthy non-alcoholics, acute alcohol decreases sleep latency, consolidates and …

Wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non–rapid eye movement (NREM)
sleep are characterized by distinct electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) …

Sleep is essential for the maintenance of the brain and the body, yet many features of sleep
are poorly understood and mathematical models are an important tool for probing proposed …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Puberty and Adolescence”. One of the defining
characteristics of adolescence in humans is a large shift in the timing and structure of sleep …

The human sleep pattern is paradoxical. Sleep is vital for optimal physical and cognitive
performance, yet humans sleep the least of all primates. In addition, consolidated and …

Mathematical modeling has played a significant role in building our understanding of sleep–
wake and circadian behavior. Over the past 40 years, phenomenological models, including …

Sleep disturbances, encompassing altered sleep physiology or disorders like insomnia and
sleep apnea, profoundly impact physiological functions and elevate disease risk. Despite …

Objectives: Recent interest in the temporal dynamics of behavioral states has spurred the
development of analytical approaches for their quantification. Several analytical approaches …

Cambridge English for Scientists develops the communication skills and specialist English
language knowledge of science students and professionals, enabling them to communicate …