Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac
autonomic dysfunction seems to be related to the genesis of several CVD s and is also …

The methods used to assess cardiac parasympathetic (cardiovagal) activity and its effects on
the heart in both humans and animal models are reviewed. Heart rate (HR)-based methods …

A large body of evidence exists indicating that autonomic imbalance is characteristic of heart
failure, with several parameters of autonomic function associated with adverse clinical …

Myocardial bridging, a congenital abnormality in which a coronary artery tunnels through the
myocardial fibres was usually considered a benign condition. Many studies suggested a …

Background: The use of exercise testing has expanded in recent decades and there is a
wealth of information examining the prognostic significance of exercise variables, such as …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular function are intricately and closely
related. One of the most frequently used diagnostic and prognostic tools for evaluating …

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) often occurs after emotional or physical stress.
Norepinephrine levels are unusually high in the acute phase, suggesting a hyperadrenergic …

Psychological factors may have a precipitant role in takotsubo syndrome (TS). Aberrant
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been reported in TS, suggesting inflexibility of the …

The stress response to emotions elicits the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal
cortex, epinephrine from the adrenal medulla, and norepinephrine from the sympathetic …

Background Adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) who live a sedentary lifestyle may
lead to an increased risk of chronic cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The aim of this …