As optical fibre reaches deeper into passive optical network (PON) in fibre-to-the-x (FTTx)
networks, maintaining the integrity of these networks is indeed imperative. Essentially, best …

Radio access networks must evolve to meet future communication requirements. One of the
development directions is the future radio base station architecture and its functional splits …

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary cryptography response to the rapidly
growing cyberattacks threat posed by quantum computing. Yet, the roadblock limiting the …

Breakage and damage of fiber optic cable fibers seriously affects the normal operation of
fiber optic networks, and it is important to quickly and accurately determine the type and …

To plan a rapid response and minimize operational costs, passive optical network operators
require to automatically detect and identify faults that may occur in the optical distribution …

Supervision of the physical layer of optical networks is an extremely relevant subject. To
detect fiber faults, single-ended solutions, such as the optical time-domain reflectometry …

Single photon detector (SPD) has a maximum count rate due to its dead time, which results
in that the dynamic range of photon counting optical time-domain reflectometry (PC-OTDR) …

Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is the most common way for quality evaluation
and fault location of optical fibers. Aiming at the problem of low detection rate caused by low …

This paper presents a few-mode fiber (FMF) various fault-detection method for long-reach
mode division multiplexing (MDM) based on multi-mode transmission reflection analysis …

Photon-counting optical time-domain reflectometry<? TeX\break?>(PC-OTDR) based on
single photon detection is an effective scheme to attain the high spatial resolution for optical …